工業(yè)除塵器的節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)分析畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
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- 00378-工業(yè)除塵器的節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)分析.rar
目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1環(huán)境保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展 1
1.1.1環(huán)境與環(huán)境問(wèn)題 1
1.1.2 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 2
1.2 對(duì)大氣的結(jié)構(gòu)及組成的認(rèn)識(shí) 3
1.2.1大氣圈及其及結(jié)構(gòu) 3
1.2.2 大氣污染物 4
1.2.3 鍋爐大氣污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 6
1.2.4 污染與健康 7
1.2.5 大氣污染的綜合防治 8
1.3 任務(wù)的提出與意義 10
1.3.1 設(shè)計(jì)要求以及基本參數(shù) 10
1.3.2 設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括 10
1.3.3 選題的意義 10
第二章 除塵設(shè)備的分類及其型號(hào)的選擇 11
2.1除塵設(shè)備的概述 11
2.1.1 除塵器的概念 11
2.1.2 除塵器的分類 11
2.2 各種除塵器原理 12
2.2.1 機(jī)械式除塵器 12
2.2.2 靜電除塵器 19
2.2.3 濕式除塵器 20
2.2.4袋式除塵器 20
2.2.5 復(fù)合式除塵器 26
2.2.6各種除塵器的性能比較及其型號(hào)的選擇 26
2.3 確定方案 27
2.3.1濾袋速度的選擇 28
2.3.2 清灰方式的確定 28
2.3.3 濾袋形式的確定 31
2.3.4 過(guò)濾方向的確定 31
2.3.5 進(jìn)風(fēng)口位置的選擇 31
2.3.7濾料的選擇 33
第三章 除塵器的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 37
3.1參數(shù)的計(jì)算 37
3.1.1 計(jì)算需要的過(guò)濾面積和袋室數(shù)目 37
3.2 風(fēng)機(jī)的選擇 43
3.2.1 風(fēng)機(jī)性能的比較 43
3.3 冷卻塔的設(shè)計(jì) 45
3.3.1 冷卻方式的選擇 45
3.3.2 冷卻塔主要參數(shù)的計(jì)算 48
3.4 除塵器卸灰系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 49
3.4.1 除塵器卸灰閥的設(shè)計(jì) 49
3.5 除塵器的基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì) 50
3.6鋼結(jié)構(gòu)部分的設(shè)計(jì) 50
3.7 屋架的設(shè)計(jì) 51
3.8 房子主體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 51
第四章.施工及其焊接要求 53
4.1施工要求 53
4.2 環(huán)保鋼結(jié)構(gòu)手工電弧焊焊接施工 53
4.2.1對(duì)焊接有關(guān)人員的要求 53
4.2.2開(kāi)坡口 53
4.2.3質(zhì)量要求 53
4.2.4施工準(zhǔn)備 53
4.2.5 材料的關(guān)鍵要求 55
4.2.6 作業(yè)條件 55
4.2.7 質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵要求 55
4.3 工藝流程 56
4.3.1工藝流程圖 56
4.4 安全保護(hù)措施 56
4.5 環(huán)境保護(hù)措施 57
4.6 質(zhì)量記錄 58
第五章 除塵器的防腐與維護(hù) 59
5.1防腐工藝的實(shí)施 59
5.1.1高壓空氣的制備 59
5.1.2工件噴砂處理 59
第六章 成本核算及投資 63
6.1工程建設(shè)投資核算 63
6.1.1 除塵器本體部分建造投資 63
6.2養(yǎng)護(hù)、維修投資核算 65
6.2.1 電耗費(fèi)用 65
6.2.2 維修費(fèi)用 65
第七章 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的評(píng)估 66
結(jié) 論 67
致 謝 68
參考文獻(xiàn) 69
摘 要
在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)特別是工業(yè)冶金過(guò)程中，產(chǎn)生大量的廢氣，這些廢氣的含塵濃度高，煙塵的危害性大，對(duì)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的污染。同時(shí)，這些煙塵又有一定的回收和利用價(jià)值。因此，治理這些煙塵具有顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。
本設(shè)計(jì)針對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的典型金屬冶煉的生產(chǎn)及場(chǎng)地等的具體情況，來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)布袋除塵器，并且使其排污情況達(dá)到國(guó)家相關(guān)的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。而且，又要盡量滿足投資少、運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用低、操作方便、維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單的要求。
目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外除塵設(shè)備的種類和型號(hào)較多，通過(guò)對(duì)它們的原理的分析以及性能的比較等，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況， 選出了對(duì)冶金爐廢氣控制的最佳方案。選用袋式除塵器并進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算確定了布袋的型號(hào)、尺寸、根數(shù) ，對(duì)除塵器外部箱體、支架和灰斗等鋼結(jié)構(gòu)部件也進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)，并計(jì)算了其重量和面積和列出材料的數(shù)量表。然后對(duì)除塵系統(tǒng) 進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)效防腐設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，合理對(duì)各個(gè)部件進(jìn)行了布局。
本設(shè)計(jì)選用的負(fù)壓吸灰的袋式除塵器在原有除塵器的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了一系列的改進(jìn)。該除塵器節(jié)約成本， 擴(kuò)大了除塵的效率，充分體現(xiàn)了節(jié)能理論，因而節(jié)能理論在本文將充分的從除塵效率特別是計(jì)算環(huán)節(jié)的角度加以論證。同時(shí)，冷卻塔的設(shè)計(jì)，降低了含塵氣體的溫度，保證了除塵器內(nèi)布袋使用壽命，并合 理地利用了空間，對(duì)除塵和清灰達(dá)到了節(jié)能的設(shè)計(jì)和全自動(dòng)化控制。
在本設(shè)計(jì)中，不但完成了對(duì)除塵系統(tǒng)總體的設(shè)計(jì)，而且強(qiáng)化細(xì)節(jié)，做到了所設(shè)計(jì)的除塵系統(tǒng)可以直接進(jìn)行 加工、安裝、調(diào)試并投入使用。并對(duì)成本進(jìn)行了投資預(yù)算.對(duì)所要的材料都進(jìn)行了全部的統(tǒng)計(jì)。
關(guān)鍵詞： 大氣污染；袋式除塵器；節(jié)能；長(zhǎng)效防腐
Abstract
In the process of metallurgy, a large amount of exhaust gas will be produced, which contains a high concentration of ash or dust. This kind of ash is very harmful and will pollute the environment. At the same time, the ash also has a value in reclamation and reuse. Therefore, it has a significant economic and social benefit to treat with it.
In this dpaper, according to the idiographic case of the producing and place etc. of smelting, it designs hop-pocket dust catcher and makes waste-excreting up to the relevant national standard criterion. What’s more, it should meet the requests of less investment, low running cost, conveniency for operation and easiness for maintenance as necessary as possible.
At present, there are relatively too many sorts and models of dust catcher at home and abroad, through the analyse of their theories and comparison of capability, according to the practical condition, we select the best scheme in calcium carbide furnace exhaust gas controlling. Having the hop-pocket dust catcher selected and the design calculation worked out, we fixed the model, size and root-number of the bag, and we have also designed the steel structure of the dust catcher’s several parts such as the exterior box, bracket and the ash- funnel etc. moreover, with its weight and area calculated. Then, towards the dust-removing system, we carried out the long-effective antisepticising design. According to the locale, we made a proper overall arrangement of each part, and checked on the economic and running cost at last.
This devise has a series of improvement. Compared with the original one，this hop-pocket dust catcher using a minus- pressure ash- absorbing technology. It will not only save the cost and enhance the dust-removing efficiency, because the design of cooling tower, it will also lower the temperature of the gas containing dust, in order to have the effective longevity of the bag guaranteed. Besides, the room can be used properly; the removing of dust and cleaning of ash are entirely automatically controlled.
In the paper, it has finished contriving the dust-removing system not only on the whole, furthermore, it has intensified the details of the device, so that it is able to carry out processing, installing, adjusting and been put in to effect directly. Moreover, the budget of investment and listed all the materials needed have worked out statistically.
keywords：air pollution, hop-pocket dust catcher, steel structure, long-effective antisepticising
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